Levomycetin, vials 1%, 25ml – Tula

Composition

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of 100 ml contains: Chloramphenicol-250 mg

Pharmacological action

Broad-spectrum antibiotic. The mechanism of antimicrobial action is associated with a violation of the synthesis of microbial proteins.

It has a bacteriostatic effect. Active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. ; gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Proteus spp., Rickettsia spp. ; is also active against Spirochaetaceae, some large viruses.

Chloramphenicol is active against strains resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides.

Resistance of microorganisms to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly.

Indications

For oral use:  infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to chloramphenicol, including: typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, brucellosis, tularemia, whooping cough, typhus and other rickettsioses; trachoma, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, osteomyelitis.

For external use:  purulent skin lesions, boils, long-term non-healing trophic ulcers, burns of II and III degrees, cracked nipples in nursing women.

For topical use in ophthalmology:  inflammatory eye diseases.

Contraindications

Blood diseases, severe liver function disorders, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungal diseases); pregnancy, lactation, children under 4 weeks of age (newborns), hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamphenicol.

Side effects

from the hematopoietic system:  thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia.

From the digestive system:  nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence.

From the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system:  peripheral neuritis, optic neuritis, headache, depression, confusion, delirium, visual and auditory hallucinations.

Allergic reactions:  skin rash, urticaria, angioedema.

Local reactions:  irritant effect (with external or topical application).

Interaction

When chloramphenicol is used concomitantly with oral hypoglycemic drugs, the hypoglycemic effect is increased due to the suppression of the metabolism of these drugs in the liver and an increase in their concentration in blood plasma.

When used concomitantly with drugs that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis, there is an increase in the inhibitory effect on the bone marrow.

When used concomitantly with erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, there is a mutual weakening of the action due to the fact that chloramphenicol can displace these drugs from the bound state or prevent their binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

When used concomitantly with penicillins, chloramphenicol counteracts the bactericidal effect of penicillin.

Chloramphenicol suppresses the cytochrome P 450 enzyme system, so when used simultaneously with phenobarbital, phenytoin, warfarin, there is a weakening of the metabolism of these drugs, slowing down the excretion and increasing their concentration in blood plasma.

How to take, course of use and dosage

Individual approach. When taken orally, the adult dose is 500 mg 3-4 times a day.

Single doses for children under 3 years of age – 15 mg / kg,3-8 years-150-200 mg; older than 8 years-200-400 mg; multiplicity of use-3-4 times / day.

The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

When applied externally, it is applied to gauze swabs or directly to the affected area. On top of the usual bandage is applied, you can use parchment or compress paper. Bandages are performed depending on the indications in 1-3 days, sometimes in 4-5 days.

Topically used in ophthalmology as part of combined preparations in accordance with the indications.

Special instructions

Chloramphenicol is not used in newborns, because it is possible to develop a “gray syndrome” (flatulence, nausea, hypothermia, gray-blue skin color, progressive cyanosis, dyspnea, cardiovascular failure).

Use with caution in patients who have previously received treatment with cytostatic drugs or radiation therapy.

When taking alcohol at the same time, a disulfiram-like reaction may develop (hyperemia of the skin, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, reflex cough, convulsions).

In the course of treatment, systematic monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary.

Form of production

Solution for external use alcohol transparent, colorless or with a yellowish tinge, with a characteristic smell of alcohol.

Active ingredient

Chloramphenicol

Dosage form

solution for external use

Description

For children as prescribed by a doctor, For adults

Indications

Boils, Burns, Trophic ulcers, Bedsores, Eczema, Skin infections