Levomycetin, vials 3%, 25ml

Composition

Active ingredient:

chloramphenicol

Pharmacological action

Levomycetin is an antimicrobial drug effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a pronounced bacteriostatic effect, and in high concentrations it has a bactericidal effect against some strains.

The mechanism of action is based on the ability to bind to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Strains of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. are sensitive to the action of Levomycetin. (including Shigella dysenteria), Salmonella spp., Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Neisseria spp., Proteus spp., Ricketsia spp., Treponema spp. and Chlamydia trachomatis. In addition, the drug is effective in diseases caused by certain strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drug does not apply to fungi, protozoa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Resistance of microorganisms to levomycetin develops slowly. After oral use, the drug is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral bioavailability reaches 80%. Peak plasma concentrations are observed 1-3 hours after use. After oral use, therapeutically significant concentrations remain in the blood plasma for 4-6 hours, after parenteral use – for 8-12 hours.

The degree of chlorpheniramine binding to plasma proteins is about 50%. Levomycetin penetrates the blood-placental and blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk. It is metabolized in the liver, mainly excreted by the kidneys, some of the drug is excreted by the intestines. The half-life reaches 1.5-3.5 hours.

In patients with impaired renal function, the elimination half-life increases to 3-4 hours, in patients with impaired liver function-up to 11 hours.

Indications

bacterial infections of the eye, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, scleritis

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hematopoietic diseases, acute intermittent porphyria, severe renal and hepatic dysfunction, glucose−6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, psoriasis, eczema, fungal skin diseases, neonatal period (up to 4 weeks) and early childhood.

Side effects

From the digestive tract:  dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritation of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, dysbiosis.

Cardiovascular and blood disorders (hematopoiesis, hemostasis):  leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia, hypohemoglobinemia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia.

Nervous system and sensory disorders:  psychomotor disorders, depression, impaired consciousness, delirium, optic neuritis, visual and auditory hallucinations, taste disorders, decreased hearing and visual acuity, headache.

Allergic reactions:  skin rash, urticaria, angioedema.

Other services:  dermatitis, secondary fungal infection, cardiovascular collapse (in children under 1 year of age).

When applied to the skin and conjunctival application:  local allergic reactions.

How to take, course of use and dosage

Topically,0.25% aqueous solution-1-2 drops in the conjunctival sac every 1-4 hours (conjunctival sac usually holds only 1 drop); eye liniment 1% (approximately 1 cm) – put behind the eyelid every 3 hours.

Special instructions

Due to its high toxicity, it is not recommended to use it unnecessarily for the treatment and prevention of banal infections, colds, flu, pharyngitis, and bacturi-bearing diseases.

Severe complications from the hematopoietic system, as a rule, are associated with the use of large doses (more than 4 g/day) for a long time. In the course of treatment, systematic monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary.

In the fetus and newborns, the liver is not sufficiently developed to bind chloramphenicol, and the drug can accumulate in toxic concentrations and lead to the development of “gray syndrome”, so children in the first months of life are prescribed the drug only for vital indications.

Use caution in patients who have previously received treatment with cytostatic drugs or radiation therapy.

Form of production

eye drops

Storage conditions

In a dark place, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.

Shelf life

2 years

Active ingredient

Chloramphenicol

Dosage form

solution for external use

Description

For children as prescribed by a doctor, For adults

Indications

Skin Infections, Bedsores, Trophic Ulcers, Boils, Burns