-
×
Ingavirin capsules 90mg, 10pcs
$50.00 -
×
Belosalic, ointment, 30g
$40.00
Belosalic, ointment, 30g 
Otorhinolaryngology, Runny nose
Best Exercise Types When Your Nose Runs All Day
24
Feb
Feb
Exercising with a runny nose can be a frustrating and uncomfortable experience, but it doesn’t have to sideline your fitness routine entirely. Rhinitis, whether caused by allergies or other factors, can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and a persistent runny nose, making physical activity challenging. However, with the right approach and exercise types, you can maintain an active lifestyle while managing your symptoms.
In this article, we’ll explore the best exercise options for individuals dealing with rhinitis, taking into account factors such as intensity, environment, and overall health benefits. By understanding how to adapt your workouts and incorporate targeted techniques, you can continue to enjoy the numerous advantages of regular physical activity without exacerbating your symptoms. Let’s dive in and discover the most suitable exercise types for those days when your nose just won’t stop running.
Understanding Rhinitis and Its Impact on Exercise
Rhinitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, congestion, and a runny nose. There are two main types of rhinitis: allergic and non-allergic. Allergic rhinitis is triggered by an immune system response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, while non-allergic rhinitis can be caused by factors such as changes in weather, certain medications, or hormonal imbalances[1].
When engaging in physical activity, individuals with rhinitis may experience increased symptoms due to the body’s natural response to exercise. As you begin to work out, your breathing rate increases, causing you to inhale more air through your nose. This increased airflow can irritate the already inflamed nasal passages, leading to a worsening of symptoms such as a runny nose or congestion[2].
How rhinitis affects exercise performance
The presence of rhinitis symptoms during exercise can have a significant impact on performance and overall enjoyment of physical activity. Congestion and a runny nose can make breathing more difficult, reducing the amount of oxygen available to the body’s muscles and organs. This can lead to feelings of fatigue, decreased endurance, and a general sense of discomfort during workouts.
Important
Consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new exercise routine, especially if your rhinitis symptoms are severe or poorly controlled.
Importance of managing rhinitis for optimal physical activity
To maintain a consistent and effective exercise routine, it is crucial to properly manage rhinitis symptoms. This may involve a combination of strategies, such as using over-the-counter or prescription medications, nasal irrigation, or avoiding known triggers. By keeping symptoms under control, you can minimize their impact on your workouts and ensure that you can continue to enjoy the many benefits of regular physical activity[3].
In the following sections, we will explore specific exercise types that are well-suited for individuals with rhinitis, taking into account factors such as intensity, environment, and overall health benefits. By incorporating these exercises into your routine and adapting as needed, you can maintain an active lifestyle while effectively managing your rhinitis symptoms.
Low-Intensity Cardiovascular Exercises
Low-intensity cardiovascular exercises are an excellent option for individuals with rhinitis, as they provide a gentle way to improve overall fitness without exacerbating symptoms. These exercises focus on sustained, rhythmic movements that raise the heart rate moderately while minimizing the impact on the body’s joints and respiratory system[4].
Walking: benefits and considerations
Walking is a simple and accessible form of low-intensity cardio that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness levels. When dealing with a runny nose, opt for indoor walking on a treadmill or in a climate-controlled environment to minimize exposure to outdoor allergens or irritants. Start with shorter walks and gradually increase duration and intensity as your symptoms allow.
Swimming: advantages for individuals with rhinitis
Swimming is another excellent low-intensity cardio option, particularly for those with rhinitis. The humid environment of an indoor pool can help to soothe and moisturize the nasal passages, reducing inflammation and congestion[5]. Additionally, the buoyancy of the water reduces stress on the joints, making it a comfortable and low-impact form of exercise.
Tip
When swimming, consider using a nasal clip or specialized swim mask to prevent water from entering your nose and exacerbating symptoms.
Cycling: indoor and outdoor options
Cycling, whether on a stationary bike or outdoors, is a low-impact cardiovascular exercise that can be easily adapted to suit individual fitness levels and symptom severity. When dealing with a runny nose, indoor cycling may be preferable to minimize exposure to outdoor allergens and irritants. Start with shorter, low-intensity sessions and gradually increase duration and resistance as tolerated.
Elliptical training: low-impact alternative
Elliptical machines provide a low-impact cardiovascular workout that is gentle on the joints and can be easily modified to suit individual needs. The smooth, gliding motion of the elliptical reduces the jarring impact associated with other forms of cardio, making it a comfortable option for those with rhinitis. As with other low-intensity exercises, start slowly and gradually increase the duration and resistance of your elliptical workouts as your symptoms allow[6].
| Impact on Joints | Exposure to Allergens | Intensity Customization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walking | Low | Varies (indoor vs. outdoor) | Easy to adjust pace |
| Swimming | Very low | Low (indoor pool) | Varies by swim style |
| Cycling | Low | Varies (indoor vs. outdoor) | Adjustable resistance |
| Elliptical | Very low | Low (indoor) | Adjustable resistance |
By incorporating a variety of low-intensity cardiovascular exercises into your routine, you can maintain an active lifestyle while minimizing the impact of rhinitis symptoms on your workouts. Remember to listen to your body, start slowly, and gradually increase the intensity and duration of your exercises as your symptoms allow.
Strength Training Techniques
Strength training is an essential component of a well-rounded fitness routine, offering numerous benefits such as increased muscle mass, improved bone density, and enhanced overall physical function. For individuals with rhinitis, incorporating strength training techniques can help to maintain fitness goals while minimizing the impact of symptoms on exercise performance[7].
Bodyweight exercises: minimizing equipment needs
Bodyweight exercises are an excellent option for those with rhinitis, as they can be performed in a variety of settings without the need for specialized equipment. These exercises use the individual’s own body weight as resistance, making them accessible and adaptable to different fitness levels. Examples of bodyweight exercises include:
- Squats
- Push-ups
- Lunges
- Plank holds
When performing bodyweight exercises, focus on maintaining proper form and technique to maximize the benefits and minimize the risk of injury. Start with fewer repetitions and gradually increase the number of sets and reps as your strength and endurance improve.
Resistance band training: versatile and low-impact
Resistance bands are versatile tools that provide a low-impact strength training option for individuals with rhinitis. These elastic bands come in various resistance levels, allowing you to customize your workouts to suit your fitness level and symptom severity. Resistance band exercises can target specific muscle groups and can be performed in a variety of settings, making them a convenient option for home workouts[8].
Information
Resistance bands are portable and affordable, making them an excellent investment for home-based strength training routines.
Free weight and machine-based exercises: considerations for rhinitis
Free weights and machine-based exercises can be incorporated into a strength training routine for individuals with rhinitis, but it is essential to consider the impact of symptoms on exercise performance. When dealing with a runny nose or congestion, it may be necessary to modify exercises or reduce the intensity to ensure comfort and safety.
When using free weights or machines, be mindful of your breathing and avoid holding your breath during exertion, as this can lead to increased pressure in the nasal passages and exacerbate symptoms. Focus on maintaining proper form and technique, and don’t hesitate to reduce the weight or number of repetitions if your symptoms interfere with your ability to perform the exercises safely[9].
| Technique | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Bodyweight exercises | Minimal equipment, adaptable | Limited progression options |
| Resistance bands | Versatile, low-impact | May require additional equipment for some exercises |
| Free weights and machines | Allows for targeted muscle development | May exacerbate symptoms if not modified appropriately |
By incorporating a variety of strength training techniques into your routine and making adjustments as needed based on your rhinitis symptoms, you can continue to build strength and maintain muscle mass while minimizing discomfort during workouts.
Yoga and Pilates for Rhinitis Sufferers
Yoga and Pilates are two mind-body practices that offer a gentle, low-impact way to improve flexibility, strength, and overall well-being. For individuals with rhinitis, these practices can be particularly beneficial, as they emphasize breathing techniques and relaxation, which may help to alleviate symptoms and reduce stress[10].
Yoga: breathing techniques and gentle poses
Yoga encompasses a wide range of styles and techniques, many of which can be adapted to suit the needs of individuals with rhinitis. Pranayama, or yogic breathing exercises, can be particularly helpful for managing symptoms such as congestion and restricted airflow. These techniques focus on deep, controlled breathing through the nose, which may help to reduce inflammation and promote relaxation.
When practicing yoga with rhinitis, it is essential to choose gentle, restorative poses that do not place excessive pressure on the sinuses or exacerbate symptoms. Some yoga poses that may be well-suited for individuals with rhinitis include:
- Child’s pose
- Seated forward bend
- Legs up the wall pose
- Reclined bound angle pose
Information
Practicing yoga in a warm, humid environment, such as a heated studio or after a hot shower, may help to soothe nasal passages and alleviate symptoms.
Pilates: controlled movements and core stability
Pilates is a low-impact exercise method that focuses on controlled movements, core stability, and proper breathing techniques. Like yoga, Pilates can be adapted to suit the needs of individuals with rhinitis, with an emphasis on gentle, flowing movements that do not overly tax the respiratory system[11].
When practicing Pilates with rhinitis, it is important to maintain steady, controlled breathing throughout each movement. Focus on exhaling during the exertion phase of the exercise and inhaling during the release or relaxation phase. This breathing pattern can help to regulate airflow and minimize the impact of symptoms on exercise performance.
Some Pilates exercises that may be well-suited for individuals with rhinitis include:
- Spine stretch forward
- Single leg circles
- Cat-cow stretch
- Seated side bends
Modifying practices for symptom management
When practicing yoga or Pilates with rhinitis, it is essential to listen to your body and modify your practice as needed to manage symptoms. If you experience increased congestion or a runny nose during certain poses or exercises, take a break or try a modified version that places less pressure on the sinuses. Remember to stay hydrated and take frequent breaks to blow your nose or catch your breath as needed[12].
| Breathing Focus | Gentle Poses/Movements | Adaptability | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga | Pranayama techniques | Restorative poses | Wide range of styles |
| Pilates | Controlled breathing patterns | Low-impact, flowing movements | Modifiable for symptom management |
By incorporating yoga and Pilates into your exercise routine and making modifications as needed to manage rhinitis symptoms, you can enjoy the many physical and mental health benefits of these mind-body practices while minimizing discomfort and maximizing overall well-being.
Outdoor Exercise Considerations
Outdoor exercise offers numerous benefits, such as exposure to fresh air, vitamin D from sunlight, and a change of scenery. However, for individuals with rhinitis, exercising outdoors can present challenges due to exposure to allergens and irritants that may exacerbate symptoms[13]. By taking certain precautions and making informed decisions, individuals with rhinitis can still enjoy the benefits of outdoor exercise while minimizing the impact of symptoms.
Choosing the right time and location
When planning outdoor exercise with rhinitis, it is essential to consider the time of day and location. Pollen counts tend to be highest in the early morning and early evening, so scheduling workouts during mid-morning or afternoon may help to minimize exposure. Additionally, avoiding areas with high concentrations of allergens, such as parks or gardens, can help to reduce the risk of symptom exacerbation.
If possible, opt for outdoor locations with minimal vegetation and air pollution, such as beaches or urban areas with well-maintained streets. Check local weather and air quality reports before heading outdoors, and consider postponing or moving workouts indoors on days with high pollen counts or poor air quality.
Wearing protective gear and clothing
Wearing protective gear and clothing can help to minimize exposure to allergens and irritants during outdoor exercise. Consider wearing sunglasses or goggles to protect your eyes from pollen and other airborne particles. A hat or visor can also help to keep allergens from settling on your hair and face[14].
When selecting workout clothing, opt for breathable, moisture-wicking fabrics that help to regulate body temperature and reduce sweating. Avoid exercising in clothing that has been worn outside previously, as it may harbor allergens that can trigger symptoms. After outdoor workouts, be sure to shower and change into clean clothing to remove any allergens that may have accumulated on your skin or hair.
Tip
Using a saline nasal spray before and after outdoor exercise can help to rinse allergens from your nasal passages and reduce inflammation.
Adjusting intensity and duration
When exercising outdoors with rhinitis, it may be necessary to adjust the intensity and duration of workouts to manage symptoms. Start with shorter, lower-intensity sessions and gradually increase the length and intensity of workouts as tolerated. Pay attention to your body’s signals and take breaks or cut workouts short if symptoms worsen or become unmanageable[15].
If you experience persistent or severe symptoms during outdoor exercise, consider moving your workouts indoors or consulting with your healthcare provider to discuss additional management strategies, such as pre-exercise medications or immunotherapy.
| Strategy | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Timing and location | Minimizes exposure to allergens |
| Protective gear and clothing | Reduces contact with irritants |
| Adjusting intensity and duration | Helps manage symptoms during exercise |
By taking a proactive approach to outdoor exercise and implementing strategies to minimize allergen exposure and manage symptoms, individuals with rhinitis can continue to enjoy the many benefits of being active in nature. Remember to listen to your body, adjust your routine as needed, and consult with your healthcare provider if symptoms persist or interfere with your ability to exercise comfortably.
Indoor Exercise Options
For individuals with rhinitis, indoor exercise can provide a controlled environment that minimizes exposure to outdoor allergens and irritants. By exploring various indoor exercise options, you can maintain a consistent workout routine and manage your symptoms more effectively[16]. From home-based workouts to fitness classes and gym sessions, there are numerous ways to stay active and healthy while staying indoors.
Home-based workouts
One of the most convenient indoor exercise options is to create a home-based workout routine. This allows you to control your environment, minimize exposure to allergens, and exercise at your own pace. Some popular home-based workout options include:
- Bodyweight exercises
- Yoga and Pilates
- Dance-based workouts
- Indoor cycling
To enhance your home-based workouts, consider investing in basic equipment such as resistance bands, dumbbells, or a stability ball. Many online resources, such as workout videos and fitness apps, can provide guidance and inspiration for creating effective home-based exercise routines.
Fitness classes and gym sessions
Attending fitness classes or hitting the gym can be a great way to stay motivated and engaged in your indoor exercise routine. Many gyms and fitness studios offer a variety of classes that cater to different fitness levels and interests, such as:
- Indoor cycling or spinning
- Strength training classes
- Zumba or other dance-based classes
- Yoga and Pilates classes
When choosing a gym or fitness studio, look for facilities with good ventilation and air filtration systems to minimize exposure to indoor allergens and irritants.If you have severe rhinitis symptoms, consider attending classes during off-peak hours or in smaller group settings to reduce your risk of exposure[17].
Important
Always inform your fitness instructor about your rhinitis and any specific triggers or concerns you have, so they can help you modify exercises as needed.
Indoor sports and recreational activities
Engaging in indoor sports and recreational activities can be a fun and social way to stay active while managing rhinitis symptoms. Some popular indoor sports and activities include:
- Swimming in an indoor pool
- Indoor rock climbing
- Martial arts classes
- Indoor tennis or racquetball
When participating in indoor sports and recreational activities, be mindful of potential triggers, such as chlorine in swimming pools or dust in climbing gyms. Take breaks as needed and keep your medication or nasal sprays readily available in case of symptom flare-ups[18].
| Option | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Home-based workouts | Convenience, control over environment | Limited equipment, motivation challenges |
| Fitness classes and gym sessions | Variety, motivation, social interaction | Potential exposure to indoor allergens |
| Indoor sports and recreational activities | Fun, social engagement | Specific triggers (e.g., chlorine, dust) |
By exploring various indoor exercise options and finding activities that you enjoy, you can maintain an active lifestyle while effectively managing your rhinitis symptoms. Remember to listen to your body, take breaks as needed, and consult with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your exercise routine.
Complementary Therapies and Lifestyle Changes
In addition to exercise, several complementary therapies and lifestyle changes can help individuals with rhinitis manage their symptoms and improve overall well-being. By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you may be able to reduce the impact of rhinitis on your quality of life and enhance the benefits of your exercise program[19].
Nasal irrigation and steam inhalation
Nasal irrigation involves using a saline solution to flush out allergens, irritants, and mucus from the nasal passages. This practice can help to reduce inflammation and congestion, making it easier to breathe during exercise. To perform nasal irrigation, use a neti pot or squeeze bottle to gently pour the saline solution into one nostril, allowing it to drain out the other.
Steam inhalation is another simple and effective way to ease rhinitis symptoms. Inhaling warm, moist air can help to loosen mucus and soothe irritated nasal passages. To try steam inhalation, lean over a bowl of hot water, place a towel over your head to trap the steam, and breathe deeply for 5-10 minutes.
Acupuncture and massage therapy
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and alleviate symptoms. Some studies suggest that acupuncture may be beneficial for managing rhinitis symptoms, such as congestion and inflammation[20].
Massage therapy can also be helpful for individuals with rhinitis, as it promotes relaxation and reduces stress, which may exacerbate symptoms. Certain massage techniques, such as facial massage or sinus drainage massage, can help to relieve pressure and congestion in the nasal and sinus areas.
Warning
Always consult with a qualified practitioner when considering acupuncture or massage therapy to ensure the techniques are appropriate for your specific condition.
Dietary changes and supplements
Certain dietary changes may help to reduce inflammation and alleviate rhinitis symptoms. These include:
- Increasing intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Reducing consumption of processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats
- Limiting dairy and gluten, which may exacerbate symptoms in some individuals
Additionally, some supplements may be beneficial for managing rhinitis symptoms, such as:
- Vitamin C, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables that may help to reduce inflammation
- Probiotics, which can support immune function and reduce allergic responses[21]
| Strategy | Potential Benefits |
|---|---|
| Nasal irrigation and steam inhalation | Reduces congestion and inflammation |
| Acupuncture and massage therapy | Alleviates symptoms and promotes relaxation |
| Dietary changes and supplements | Reduces inflammation and supports immune function |
By incorporating complementary therapies and lifestyle changes into your rhinitis management plan, you may be able to enhance the benefits of your exercise routine and improve your overall quality of life. As always, consult with your healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet or starting any new supplements or therapies.
Working with Healthcare Professionals and Trainers
Managing rhinitis while maintaining an active lifestyle can be challenging, but collaborating with healthcare professionals and fitness trainers can help you develop a personalized plan to achieve your goals. By working with experts who understand your condition and can provide tailored advice, you’ll be better equipped to overcome obstacles and enjoy the benefits of regular exercise[22].
Consulting with your healthcare provider
Your healthcare provider is a valuable resource when it comes to managing rhinitis and developing an exercise plan. They can help you:
- Identify specific triggers and develop strategies to avoid or minimize exposure
- Prescribe medications or recommend over-the-counter treatments to manage symptoms
- Provide guidance on when to exercise based on your symptoms and treatment plan
- Refer you to specialists, such as allergists or immunologists, for further evaluation and treatment
Be sure to discuss your exercise goals and any concerns you have about managing rhinitis while staying active. Your healthcare provider can offer personalized advice and help you adjust your treatment plan as needed to support your fitness journey.
Working with a fitness trainer or exercise specialist
Collaborating with a knowledgeable fitness trainer or exercise specialist can be invaluable when you have rhinitis. They can help you:
- Design a customized exercise program that takes your condition and goals into account
- Modify exercises or adjust your routine to accommodate symptoms or flare-ups
- Provide guidance on proper form and technique to reduce the risk of injury
- Offer motivation and support to help you stay on track with your fitness goals[23]
When selecting a trainer or exercise specialist, look for someone with experience working with individuals who have chronic conditions like rhinitis. Don’t hesitate to ask questions about their qualifications, training philosophy, and how they plan to accommodate your specific needs.
Note
Some healthcare providers and fitness facilities offer integrated programs that combine medical management and exercise support for individuals with chronic conditions. Inquire about these options in your area.
Monitoring progress and adjusting your plan
As you work with your healthcare provider and fitness trainer, it’s essential to monitor your progress and make adjustments to your plan as needed. Keep track of your symptoms, exercise habits, and any challenges you encounter. Share this information with your support team so they can help you identify areas for improvement and celebrate your successes.
Remember that managing rhinitis while staying active is an ongoing process. Your needs and goals may change over time, so be open to modifying your approach as necessary[24]. With the right support and a commitment to your health, you can enjoy the many benefits of regular exercise while successfully managing your rhinitis symptoms.
| Professional | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Healthcare provider | Personalized treatment plans, symptom management guidance |
| Fitness trainer or exercise specialist | Customized exercise programs, modifications for symptoms |
By collaborating with healthcare professionals and fitness trainers, you can create a comprehensive plan to manage your rhinitis while staying active and achieving your exercise goals. Don’t hesitate to reach out for support and guidance as you navigate this journey towards better health and well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can exercise help alleviate rhinitis symptoms?
Yes, regular exercise can help reduce the severity and frequency of rhinitis symptoms by strengthening the immune system, improving circulation, and reducing inflammation. However, it’s essential to choose the right types of exercise and take necessary precautions to avoid triggering symptoms.
What types of exercise are best for people with rhinitis?
Low to moderate-intensity exercises such as walking, swimming, cycling, and yoga are generally well-tolerated by individuals with rhinitis. These activities help improve cardiovascular health and promote relaxation without putting excessive strain on the body. High-intensity exercises or those that take place in cold, dry air may be more likely to trigger symptoms.
How can I minimize exposure to allergens and irritants during outdoor exercise?
To reduce exposure to allergens and irritants during outdoor exercise, check local air quality and pollen counts before heading out, and avoid exercising outdoors during peak pollen times. Wear a face mask or bandana to filter out allergens, and choose routes away from high-traffic areas or industrial zones. Showering and changing clothes immediately after outdoor exercise can also help remove allergens from your skin and hair.
Are there any specific breathing techniques that can help during exercise?
Yes, breathing techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing can help manage rhinitis symptoms during exercise. These techniques focus on breathing deeply and slowly through the nose, engaging the diaphragm, and reducing the work of breathing. Practicing these techniques regularly can help improve lung capacity and reduce the impact of rhinitis on exercise performance.
What should I do if I experience severe rhinitis symptoms during exercise?
If you experience severe rhinitis symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, or dizziness during exercise, stop the activity immediately and focus on relaxed breathing. Use your rescue medication, such as a fast-acting inhaler, if prescribed by your healthcare provider. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention. Always listen to your body and don’t push yourself too hard if you’re not feeling well.
Can complementary therapies like acupuncture and massage help with rhinitis?
Some individuals with rhinitis find that complementary therapies like acupuncture and massage can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being. Acupuncture may help reduce inflammation and regulate immune function, while massage can promote relaxation and relieve tension in the facial and neck muscles. However, it’s essential to consult with a qualified practitioner and discuss these therapies with your healthcare provider to ensure they are appropriate for your specific condition.
How can working with a healthcare professional or fitness trainer help me manage rhinitis and exercise?
Collaborating with a healthcare professional or fitness trainer who understands rhinitis can help you develop a personalized plan to manage your symptoms and achieve your exercise goals safely. They can provide guidance on appropriate exercise types and intensities, help you identify and avoid triggers, and offer support and motivation along the way. By working with experts who understand your unique needs, you’ll be better equipped to overcome challenges and enjoy the benefits of regular physical activity.
Reference list
Bibliography
- Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy. 2008;63 Suppl 86:8-160.
- Papadopoulos NG, Guibas GV. Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 2016;36(2):215-233.
- Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2008;122(2 Suppl):S1-84.
- Eifan AO, Durham SR. Pathogenesis of rhinitis. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 2016;46(9):1139-1151.
- Tran NP, Vickery J, Blaiss MS. Management of rhinitis: allergic and non-allergic. Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research. 2011;3(3):148-156.
- Scadding GK. Optimal management of allergic rhinitis. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2015;100(6):576-582.
- Krouse JH. Exercise-induced rhinitis: a syndrome of allergic and nonallergic causes. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2007;6(2):104-107.
- Steelant B, Seys SF, Van Gerven L, Van Woensel M, Farré R, Wawrzyniak P, et al. Histamine and T helper cytokine-driven epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2018;141(3):951-963.e8.
- Nieman DC. Exercise immunology: practical applications. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18 Suppl 1:S91-100.
- Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007;103(2):693-699.
- Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Alonso JM, et al. How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016;50(17):1043-1052.
- Katelaris CH, Carrozzi FM, Burke TV, Byth K. Effects of intranasal budesonide on symptoms, quality of life, and performance in elite athletes with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2002;12(5):296-300.
- Dijkstra HP, Robson-Ansley P. The prevalence and current opinion of treatment of allergic rhinitis in elite athletes. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011;11(2):103-108.
- Dallimore NS, Eccles R. Changes in human nasal resistance associated with exercise, hyperventilation and rebreathing. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1977;84(5-6):416-421.
- Silvers WS, Poole JA. Exercise-induced rhinitis: a common disorder that adversely affects allergic and nonallergic athletes. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2006;96(2):334-340.
- Cleary M, Kemp J, Sherwood M. The Impact of Nasal Breathing on Self-Reported Measures of Alertness, Irritability, and Mood. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science. 2018;08(07):383-398.
- Calder PC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2013;75(3):645-662.
- Surda P, Walker A, Putala M, Siarnik P. Prevalence of Rhinitis in Athletes: Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(12):4477.
- Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2015;152(1_suppl):S1-S43.
- Brożek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017;140(4):950-958.
- Hellings PW, Klimek L, Cingi C, et al. Non-allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2017;72(11):1657-1665.
- Wise SK, Lin SY, Toskala E, et al. International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2018;8(2):108-352.
- Meltzer EO. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis: matching treatment to symptoms, disease progression, and associated conditions. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 2013;34(4):301-311.
<10>Walsh NP. Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes. European Journal of Sport Science. 2018;18(6):820-831.
